SYNTHESIS OF PENTANOIC ACID (Valeric acid)
- Place 100g (125 ml, 1.2mol) of valeronitrile and a solution of 92g of sodium hydroxide in 260 ml of water in a 1500-ml
round-bottomed flask, attach a double surface condenser and boil under reflux
until the nitrile layer disappears (5-10 hours).
- Add through the condenser 100
ml of water, then slowly, and with external cooling, 125 ml of 50 per cent (by
volume) sulphuric acid.
- Separate the upper layer of valeric acid (it may be
necessary to filter first from any solid present), and dry it with anhydrous
calcium sulphate.
- Distil and collect the valeric acid at 183-185 °C (mainly
184°C). The yield is 82 g (67%). A further 5g of acid may be obtained by
extracting the strongly acidified aqueous layer with ether, combining the
ethereal extracts with the low and high boiling point fractions of the previous
distillation, removing the ether on a water bath and distilling the residue.
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